Glossary
Argument: A set of reasons given in support of a claim.
Aberrant: nonconforming
Affront: an action or comment meant to offend someone
Communitarianism: moral principle is what is good for the community(meeting with professor)
Conclusion: The claim intended to be supported by the argument is called the conclusion of the argument.
Compassion: understanding the feelings of others(lecture)
Compulsion: being in a state where feeling forced to do something
Descriptive Relativism: This position merely recognizes cultural differences. It refers to the fact that cultures differ in their beliefs about right and wrong.
Detachment: “non-attachment” taking a step back, knowing we’re ok without
Deontology: Duty based ethics(lecture)
Ethical Relativism (sometimes called ‘cultural relativism’): claims that right and wrong are nothing but what a culture believes them to be. Cross-cultural perspectives can have no moral authority.
Eudaimonia: activity of the soul in accordance with virtue
Friendship: the art of living well with those who share emotion with each other
Freedom: ability to use reason.
Greatest Happiness Principle: no one’s person’s happiness is greater than another’s, and everyone should work towards the happiness of the greatest number of people or for society as a whole, focuses on a society that decreases the chances of pain for everyone equally.(lecture)
Ignorance: when someone doesn’t know very much information or knowledge of a certain topic
Instrumental value: means/ tools (lecture)
Intrinsic value: innate/ end (lecture)
Karma: karma is the concept of someone finding out you did them wrong, not getting revenge from the universe
Moral absolutists: believe that their truth is the truth.
Principle of Impartiality: equal amounts of happiness are equally desirable. (lecture)
Premises: The claims given as reasons for thinking the conclusion of the argument is true are called the premises of the argument.
Perfect friendship: shared commitment to the good (lecture)
Pleasure Friendships: ends when the pleasure disappears (lecture)
Soundness: An argument is sound if it is valid and all of its premises are true.
Self-discipline: being strong-minded being able to focus on completing a task
Truth: A statement that corresponds to a fact
Utility Friendships: ends when the practical purpose is no longer present (lecture)
Virtue: excellence (possible only with rationality)
Validity: An argument is valid if the conclusion necessarily follows from the premises. If the premises are true, then the conclusion must also be true.
Veil of Ignorance: impartial because you are ignorant to what position society you occupy (lecture)
Will: that part of a person that reasons about and decides what he or she will do.
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